Understanding US State Retirement Mandates & SECURE 2.0 Legislation
Over the past several years, both federal and state-level lawmakers have implemented historic changes designed to expand private-sector access to retirement savings programs. For employers, Human Resource leaders, and corporate CFOs, these changes require regular auditing of plan status to prevent costly regulatory penalties.
State-Mandated Auto-IRAs vs. Private Qualified Plans
State programs, such as California’s CalSavers, Illinois’ Secure Choice, and New York’s Secure Choice Savings Program, require companies that do not offer a qualified employer retirement plan to register and facilitate payroll deductions into a state-sponsored Roth IRA.
These mandates apply strictly based on the company’s Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) count. Employers must act quickly because missing these deadlines triggers severe non-compliance fees ranging from $100 to $750 per employee.
The Impact of SECURE Act 2.0 Section 101 on New Plans
Passed at the federal level, the SECURE Act 2.0 aims to make automatic enrollment the default for all newly-created employer-sponsored plans. If an employer sets up a new 401(k) or 403(b) plan after December 29, 2022, they must support mandatory auto-enrollment starting in 2025.
However, the federal law includes a few critical safety valves for small, developing businesses:
- Startup Exemption: Businesses in business for less than 3 years are exempt from mandatory auto-enrollment rules.
- Small Business Protection: Employers with 10 or fewer workers are not subject to Section 101 auto-enrollment.
- Grandfathering: Existing retirement programs created prior to December 29, 2022 are completely grandfathered.
Action Steps for Corporate Leaders
To maintain compliance, HR professionals and legal counsels should audit their employee headcount, business start-up anniversary date, and plan setup date. If active state mandates apply to your firm and you do not yet provide a qualified plan, partnering with a certified financial planner or 3rd-party administrator (TPA) to launch a private plan can help you bypass the state auto-IRA rules altogether while maximizing employee benefits.